Do you agree with Hedley Bulls comment the international society has Essay - 1

Do you agree with Hedley Bulls comment the international society has always been present in the world political system - Essay Example Bull recognizes the fact that the international system is anarchical in nature. Furthermore, Bull explains that the international system is characterized by the formation of a system of states, and the existence of the society of states (Alderson, 2000). By denoting that the international system is anarchical, Bull means that every state seeks to advance its interests and agenda. By this, he means that any policy that is being pursued by the states forming the international system is aimed at advancing their interests, as opposed to the interests of the entire international community. For example, when a country such as United States seeks to advance the principles of capitalism and liberalism, its main intention is for the third world countries to open up their economies, so that its companies may invest in them (Williams, 2013). This in turn would lead to an increase in the economy of United States because of the foreign remittances, emanating from these companies. It is this aspect of the promotion of their self interests that Bull explains that it plays a role in shaping how states interact within the international community (Warner, 2006). Furthermore, in proving his assertion that the international society has always been present in world politics, Bull gives the definition of a state. Bull explains that for any entity to be called a state, and then it must have sovereignty over a group of people, and it must also have a defined territory, which is recognized by the international community. Furthermore, a state must have a government, which is either democratic or not. It is this sovereign nature of a state that allows it to interact with other nations in the global politics (Heywood, 2011). Because of their sovereignty, states would always seek to implement policies aimed at serving their own interests . Furthermore, these states would interact with likeminded states for purposes of achieving their common interests. This is

Brands and branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Brands and branding - Essay Example According to Burberry, the founder of the company he said that the company was established to help the young people realize their dreams through innovation and engage in creativity thus making life bearable to them. Marketing strategies used by Burberry The marketing strategies of the company are focused at providing provide value to the customers through the products and the type of information concerning the products that are in the market. Retail marketing Retail marketing has been commonly used by the company. As one of marketing strategies, it has the capability to make the company to be more competitive in the market. The core importance of using retail marketing plan is to make sure that the sales ratio of the company increases on the international front making the company to invest a lot in other marketing strategies (Clancy and Kriegafsd, 2000). When using retail marketing, the brand is recognized and established to the market thus having a trademark that the brands are wide ly known for. Due to use of retailing marketing, the company is also able to venture in foreign countries like China where the company has retail shops thus making great venture to the fashion brands that are in the industry. The only challenge that face the company when using the retail marketing are cheaper brands that are offered by the competitors. Customer awareness Burberry enjoys strong customer awareness, since the company brands in the past were favorite brands to Queen Elizabeth two and the Prince of Wales. Additionally, through the use of extensive advertisement, Burberry brands are used by many people and are given respect worldwide due to royal families’ involvement with the products. Objective as a marketing strategy in Burberry The primary aim of the company is to make sure that the brands are represented visually to target the customers hence making sure that the customers are satisfied and their ideas are listened to and again implemented, according to their wish (Philip, 2006). The customers are encouraged to be creative and if any one of them has an idea to come up with a brand that is unique in the market he or she is given the attention. This is based on the fact that the company was founded to make use of innovation and use of modern technology (Philip and Kevin, 2006). Social media The company uses Facebook and Twitter and the management post their new brand and others to social media as a method of advertising to make sure that it effectively competes with rivals. The company introduced the use of YouTube and launched films to promote the brands (Joshi 2005). The company still opens discussion forum which are used by the customers to make sure that their views and ideas are listened to and later implemented. Market segments in Burberry Market segmentation for Burberry is divided according to characteristic and personality aspects. For example, for the consumers who are 18-30 years old they have a certain brand of Burberry which t hey use as their product of choice. The second market segment is secondary age group that includes 30-40 years old. This category has certain brands of their choice that have unique characteristics that make them to be accepted by the secondary age group (Lenskold 2003). The third market segmentation is the families with high income and this gives them opportunity to buy expensive brands. The last market segment is for student and working individuals

Towneley Cycle Story of Noah and Gill Essay Example for Free

Towneley Cycle Story of Noah and Gill Essay The Towneley cycle is a story line created in the seventeenth centaury with playwrights who expressed a significant amount of hatred against. Hatred was the major theme put forwad by the playwrights. Male superiority, is another element of the Towneley cycle as the as this stories portrayed the male as angelic representations of human beings whose only major problem were their wife’s who had to fully depend on their guidance. Settings The play Noah and Gill is depicting the age before Christ set in the period where the male were portrayed as angelic and holy. the duration where secularism was considered unclean and the women were considered to have to be under the control of men Characters Noah who is a man of God married to Gill. Noah constantly complains about his wife and in the play he is portrayed as holy. Second character in the play is Gill who plays Noah wife as nagging woman, who constantly causing stress to her husband and the same time seems shrewish. Plot development The story starts between two married partners Noah and Gill the plot develops from an ancient Christian traditional way of life. Surrounded by both the traditional and bibilical myths, the play holds a strong attraction to the relation with the way of life in the 17th century. To develop the story line the playwright borrows from new fields mostly the the themes expressing hate against women and the mere traditional way of life which are treated dramatically in the age before Christ (B. C) Symbolism There is a lot of use of symbolism in the story cycles as the women are used as that mark of weakness that constantly pulls down the male in the society while the male symbolizes the angelic pillar of the society. The male also symbolize authority that has to be followed by the female in the society so as to keep the balance in the society. Combination of the above styles creates the following When this elements are used in combination with each other we see the development of a storyline which symbolizes a mixture of the period Before Christ and the period during the 17th century marking a blend of two civilizations an ancient and a modern age civilization as the settings of its occurrence and the character presentation which shows perceptions of the 17th century reasoning. Aspects of the 17th century reflected by the story are the illustrations on how women were looked down upon in the 17th century and the hatred that was mated on women by the. The clothing used in the play also shows the marked difference in the belief system which the play is set up as it correlates with the 17th century way of life not the original Before Christ would be setting A classic story done in the settings of the early 17th centaury at the verge of a shift to secular acting from the more conservative Christian story line, illustrated in the Towneley cycle: Noah and Gill in the second shepherds play depicts women as saints which other readers have portrayed to illustrate women negatively but without expression of double standards in your reading it is found that women are not expressed as negatively as men in the story (Dane, 2000). In this play significant attention has not been paid to other women characters that appear in the cycle as they are important in the understanding of women the crucial women’s role in the plays. for example the women who have been virtually ignored in the production of the cycle include Mary Magdalene and even virgin Mary. The play write intentionally presents this women as shrews for example instead of choosing examples in the scriptures the playwright chooses to use fictional characters as in the case of Noah’s wife and Gill where Gill is his own creation (Grafstein, 2002). Hatred of women in the culture in those times is illustrated by the negative interpretation of the women characters. Through a recently carried out research it has been shown that the position of the women was not as bad as the misogyny has lead us to believe . As the women who expressed great hatred for women missed out on be best chances to picture women negatively. Instead of using Sarah in the play Abraham and Isaac to portray mans rebellion against God as originated from the woman scoffing the best picture could have been illustrated by Miriam treating Moses with contemptuous disregard (Kolberg, 2004). It’s also seen that despite the women of those times were oppressed they had a greater control of their lives than the women of the seventeenth century when this plays were written. The play recognizes the scoffing teachings as Noah complains of his wife and the general nature of women. During the first two thirds of the play the theme is centralized on Noah’s wife lack of respect for authority, this depicts her in comparison to the nature of the fallen angles and as materialistic and worldly. In the play Noah is presented angelic family head that has to bear with a stressful wife, who is simply another display of a woman needing the direction of the male. Women are also illustrated comically and more negatively than men. The writer came up with women in these stories to show that women were second class citizens in the eyes of God Reference Dane W. (2000) Collections Of the16th and 17 centurybest Stories Chicago: American Library Association Grafstein, Ann. (2002). Towneley Cycle Story: Noah and Gill. Mcgrawhill: New York. Peter ,Kolberg (2004) Towneley Cycle Story of Noah and Gill : Foundation inn the literary skills Longman publishers (2) 22-27

Faith Vs. Temptation :: essays research papers

Faith vs. Temptation Temptation, at one time or another, has touched all of our lives. What made us choose one path over the other? Was it your faith in God, your knowing of what was right and wrong, or was it the influences of the loved ones you not only surround yourself with, but the one you have trusted to lead down the straight and narrow. All of these questions come to light in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown. Hawthorne’s tale is of a young, newly wedded man, and his internal struggle between faith and temptation. Set in Salem, at the times of the witch trials, Young Goodman Brown begins to question his own faith as the devil himself sheds new light on Brown’s strong beliefs. “With heaven above, and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the Devil!';… Or will he? Young Goodman Brown prepares to leave on his lonely, life-changing journey, by first saying good bye to his wife of three months. Faith as his wife is called, for symbolic reasons I’m sure, fears for her husband and wishes him to stay. This good bye is Brown’s chance to choose faith over temptation. “Poor little faith, thought he, for his heart smote him. What a wretch am I to leave her on such an errand!'; Brown gives in to temptation. This won’t be the last time. Being scared and alone on his journey, Brown talking to himself says, “What if the devil himself should be at my elbow!'; A few more steps and Brown now has a companion; coincidence? I think not. “The only thing about him that could be fixed upon as remarkable as his staff, which bore the likeliness of a great black snake...like a living serpent."'; It was after this initial greeting and Brown noticing his companion’s walking stick that Brown once again was torn between his faith and the temptation of the errand he was on. Goodman Brown tries to convince himself he is doing wrong and turn back. “Having kept covenant by meeting thee here, it is my purpose now to return whence I came. I have scruples touching the matter thou wot’st of.'; The devil tempts Brown in to continuing. “Let us walk on, reasoning as we go; and if I convince thee not thou shalt turn back.'; Again Brown gives in to temptation. “Too far! Too far! Exclaimed the goodman, unconsciously resuming his walk.

Importance of Slavery to the Caribbean Essay -- History Slave Slavery

Importance of Slavery to the Caribbean The significance of the role played by slaves in the history of the Caribbean cannot be overemphasized. Nearly everything that defines the Caribbean today can be traced back to the advent of Africans to the sugar plantations several centuries ago. For this reason it is impossible to ignore the issue of slavery when studying the history of the Caribbean, as we are doing in this class. Through our numerous readings on the status of slaves and their treatment by the societies in which they lived, we have learned much about the sufferings and ordeals of these people. The following is an attempt to organize my own particular feelings and reactions, which I have previously posted on-line throughout the course of the semester, to the readings on this subject and to the reactions of other students as well. Imperialism, Plantation Slavery and the Slave Trade: 16th-18th Centuries It is interesting to note the ever-increasing reliance on slaves as the transition to sugar plantations not only occurred but also proceeded to become the main form of economic activity in the Caribbean in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. When the main crop out of the Caribbean was tobacco products in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the slave trade was non-existent. But when this crop failed, in addition to ginger, coffee and others, the inhabitants began to try sugar. This, of course, took off immediately, and the need for slaves became imperative. Thus began the true slave trade from Africa, which would forever alter the demography of the Americas. Also interesting to see are the two forms of non-exploitation society that thrived (contrary to European desire) in the Caribbean: the Maroons ... ...e, no present-day obstacle could stand in their way. The religion, skin color, music and culture of the Caribbean are all based on the difficult past of its people. Despite the rampant poverty that still plagues the region today, many of the people seem strangely content and remain optimistic. This alone speaks volumes about the strength of character these people project. It is a lesson for the rest of the world to learn from. Happiness is far more important than any material goods or trivial pursuits that we will ever pursue. It is certainly something that I will take away from this class, and I hope others do as well. Sources Beckles, Hilary and Shepherd, Verene. Caribbean Slave Society and Economy; The New Press (New York, 1991). Knight, Franklin W. The Caribbean: The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism (2nd ed.); Oxford University Press (New York, 1990).

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings

Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† â€Å"When Pelayo and Elisend first find the fallen man, they regard him as human, he is â€Å"dressed like a ragpicker†Ã¢â‚¬  (McFarland). Gabriel Garcia Marquez short story â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† is a fabulous story about an angel in â€Å"pitiful condition of a drenched great-grandfather† with â€Å"Huge buzzard wings† (Marquez 294). Marquez uses magical realism to express the literary elements of the old man, in third person point of view, and with several interpretations.In the short story, Marquez shows two major elements of magic realism. The two elements were the old man and, the girl who has been turned into a spider. The people in the story treat the old man as an oddity. He was not treated like an angel instead he was treated more like a freak of nature. The old man appears to be nothing more than a frail human with wings, and so his status as an angel is endlessly debated. â€Å"What surprised him the most, however, was the logic of his wings.They seemed so natural on that completely human organism that he couldn’t understand why other men didn’t have them too† (Marquez 298). Father Gonzaga thinks that he cannot be an angel because he lacks dignity and splendor. â€Å"Father Gonzaga went into the chicken coop and said good morning to him in Latin. The parish priest had his first suspicion of an imposter when he saw that he did not understand the language of god† (Marquez 295). Of course this begs the question of whether the angel lacks dignity, or whether he just lacks dignity because of the way he is treated, being imprisoned in a chicken coop.Perhaps it is the people who lack dignity, not the old man. The old man's other supernatural characteristic is his incredible patience in the face of his treatment which does not make much of an impression on the majority of the people, who are happy to exploit him until bored with him. The magic realism for Spider-Girl is a clear contrast with the Old Man; whereas, he is difficult to interpret because he is not trying to please the crowd. The Spider-Girl delights the people with the clarity of her story. while still practically a child she had sneaked out of her parents’ house to go to a dance, and while she was coming back through the woodsafter having danced all night without permission, a fearful thunderclap rent through the sky in two and through the crack came the lightning bolt of brimstone that changed her into a spider† (Marquez 297). â€Å"When a new spectacle arrives, the woman who has been changed into a spider for disobeying her parents, the community shifts their attention to her. A typical carnival hoax or sideshow â€Å"freak†Ã¢â‚¬  (McFarland).Unlike the Angel, the people do not debate her status as a spider; it is taken for granted. The story is written in third person point of view, in the eyes in Pela yo, in order to show the isolation of the old man is feeling. As the story begins and as Pelayo finds the old man, he does not understand who or what the old man is, until he hears the old man’s â€Å"sailor’s voice†. â€Å"This explanation is merely arbitrary, however, because basic logic rejects the interpretation and makes Pelayo’s explanation merely humorous† (Slomski).The story makes it difficult to understand how the old man is feeling due to the point of view it is written. If the story is switched to the point of view of the old man, it would be easier to understand the feelings and alienation the old man is being faced. â€Å"They would drive him out of the bedroom with a broom and a moment later finds him in the kitchen† (Marquez 298). This quote displays the alienation the old man felt through Pelayo’s eyes. â€Å"The second interpretation is made by a neighbor woman who is thought to know â€Å"everything about life and death. The humor of her interpretation arises in the certainty with which she pronounces that the  old  man  is an angel† (Slomski). Marquez use of magical realism and literary elements, in a third person point of view, proved many interpretations. â€Å"Thus, the Magical Realism of Garcia Marquez’s style — a blurring of the division between the real and the fantastic — is used to underscore the notion (indeed, the seeming contradiction) that the irrational is a natural part of life† (Slomski). By analyzing, the literary elements of third person/omniscient point of view, imagery and characterization are what alienate the fabulous characters. A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings An old man with enormous wings is an interesting short story with elements of mysticism.   Gabriel Josà © Garcà ­a Mà ¡rque with the tool of his Magical realism unfurled the world of reality to incorporate the   myth and supernatural elements in his stories. Gabriel used this tool with great dexterity to spear into our senses our own predicaments toward the nature’s mystic world.This is the whole essence of An Old man with enormous wings. Here I will delve in this short story how with the lively characters of   an old man and woman and a mystic old man with wings, Gabriel brought our real life and our connection with the nature in close proximity.The magic realism has a characteristic of deep fantasy marked with flamboyance and intermittent mystery. It goes to the credit of Gabriel that he created fantasy and the real world in proximity with each other and seems to be   equal. The   whole village has people full of life as if the real characters have been simmered into the words, still the smell of mystesism can be felt when people realize the old man with wings is in possession of   magical powers. It is his mysterous nature which is a center of attraction.The story starts with an old man and woman when they were collecting and throwing crabs in the sea. Pelayo suddenly came across an old angel with dilapitated wings and called his wife Elisenda. At the first site of an angel, both were puzzled and the neighbor lady went to further extent to claim that this angel must have come to take away the child but as he is old, rain and thunderstorm thumped him into the ground. The old couple picked up an angel and put him in a chicken coop just like other chickens.The most intriguing aspect is of the story is when characters come to know that this is not a normal bird or animal or human being, he is a human but with wings and therefore he is not a man. Still Doctor after examining his wings remarks why humans do not have these wings? Here Gabreil presented him as so natural that it seems this winged creature is normal yet incredible and we are made to believe his imaginary sense of perception.The old man with wings, a vivid character is described with the help of sensory imagination, which poises in us the clear picture and makes it lively. Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez enables us not only to visualize the old man, but also feel his mystic parts and his whistling heart.The imagery makes us understand the supernatural stereotypic elements that we hold about angels and also makes us understand that old man with wings does not possess any of the heroic or exalted qualities but just like any other poor human being, is earthly, weak and poor. (Faulkner, 1999).   Even Father Gonzaga also said that there is nothing in him that can be compared to the beautiful and dignity of angles, thus though supernatural and mystic he is.Garcia Marquez increased the anxiousness of the readers on the question of angels as real but not fictitious and is n ot like what we have been visualizing. This old man with wings is not anywhere near to our conventional angels who are powerful, beautiful and immortal, or send by God. This angel is old and decrypt, powerless, totally left at the mercy of strangers, but as mentioned in the book he has magical qualities that rendered him a superior position. He is a bizarre mixture of holiness and the blasphemy.It appears as if he has come to make the old couple’s life comfortable and he did that. When he is kept in Chicken coop, slowly and slowly, son of old couple recovered, over and above Paloya and his wife’s earnings too improved when they started charging the fees from the villagers who so ever came to see this strange creature. Whole village is giving his or her own interpretation regarding the originality of this angel hiding the true nature of this old man.The story moves as if it is not a fable but only a conventional idea what the people stores and hold. Until the end of the story, uncertainty remains and we are not able to know the mystery of this winged creature – how it came and from where it came. This uncertainty implied not only to the winged creature but also to the life – the life in which we are living now and a life where the uncertainty prevails. Through these mystic creatures, writer tries to emphasize that anything can happen, as this whole world is full of mysteries.The descriptions of imaginary poetry also seems to be real, and complain of a villager of his problem of sleep because stars in the night disturbs him, also appears to be true, a simple medical problem ( Faulkner, 1999). And this impression of villagers, Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez's created by the use of narrative voice, in the voice of a third person, and is aware of all the facts and as such readers trust him. This is also true that narrator tries to endorse upon us the idea that nothing is impossible in this world, and nature has in store numerous complex beings, wh ich even our eyes cannot perceive.With the supernatural elements, Gabriel also used Irony as a tool to show the mirror of the other face of human beings- face, which human beings hide behind their virtuous proposition. On one hand, all villagers are showing sympathy to the little old creature but on the other hand all have their own selfish motives. Some one is coming to see the old creature to get cured and some one to make their wish fulfilled. Neighbor wanted creature to be smashed to death.Pelayo and Elisenda, who had put the tiny being in a chicken coop, used it for their own materialistic gains. The people made mockery of this winged creature as any other animal of the circus. Pelayo and Elisenda did not show any sympathy towards the poor creature. This is apparently true in this â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† that human nature is unspiritual yet boasts of spirituality.â€Å"An Old Man with Enormous Wings† contains a brief yet elegant presentation of h uman nature as thoughtless, predatory, and unspiritual humanity. Garcia Marquez by mentioning about several flaws in human nature put forward several ways in which man can turn towards divinity. The selfishness is also visible in the story where Carnival brought a girl changed into spider, as she did not obey her parents.The cruelty lies in the human’s inclination towards spicy news and furor which girl generates by not being virtuous or disobeying parents. Her story projects a true and clear meaning of our daily life: to obey your parents and not to go out dancing whole night. By the arrival of the spider girl, every one’s attention is now diverted from that old angel. The story comes to an end when after so many years of captivity angel again got back his wings and flew off.Several questions remained unanswered in the story. We never come to know from where the angel came and where it has gone?   The connections between what the people perceive and how they respond is left unclear. It is not clear why a neighbor woman thinks that the angel is in danger and recommends killing him, neither it is clear that how and why Pelayo and Elisenda’s baby got cured?Uncertainty remains through out and the people like other readers in the story just make interpretation of events but do not understand them. It is rightly said that it is a fairy tale without any constructive explanation.

Definition and Examples of Orthophemism

Definition and Examples of Orthophemism The term  orthophemism refers to a  direct or neutral expression that isnt sweet-sounding, evasive, or overly polite (like a  euphemism) or  harsh, blunt, or offensive (like  a  dysphemism). Also known as straight talk. The term orthophemism  was coined by Keith Allan and Kate Burridge in  Forbidden Words (2006). The word is derived from the Greek, proper, straight, normal plus speaking. Both euphemism and orthophemism  are typically polite, notes Keith Allen. They differ in that an orthophemism makes bald-on-record reference to a topic, where a euphemism distances a speaker from it through figurative language (Benchmark for Politeness in  Interdisciplinary Studies in Pragmatics, Culture and Society, 2016). Examples and Observations Orthophemisms are more formal and more direct (or literal) than euphemisms. Defecate, because it literally means  to shit, is an  orthophemism; poo is a euphemism, and shit is a dysphemism, the taboo word the others were created to avoid.(Melissa Mohr,  Holy Sh*t: A Brief History of Swearing. Oxford University Press,  2013) Orthophemisms and Euphemisms What is the difference between orthophemisms and euphemisms? . . . Both arise from conscious or unconscious self-censoring; they are used to avoid the speaker being embarrassed and/or ill thought of and, at the same time, to avoid embarrassing and/or offending the hearer or some third party. This coincides with the speaker being polite. Now to the difference between orthophemism and euphemism:Like euphemisms, dysphemisms are typically more colloquial and figurative than orthophemisms (but, for instance, to truthfully call someone fat is direct). (Keith Allan and Kate Burridge, Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge University Press, 2006) An orthophemism is typically more formal and more direct (or  literal) than the corresponding euphemism. A euphemism is typically more colloquial and figurative (or indirect) than the corresponding orthophemism. Words in Context As alternatives to offensive expressions, orthophemisms, like euphemisms, will typically be preferred as desirable or appropriate terms. Examples of all three kinds of language expressions would be pass away (typically a euphemism), snuff it (typically a dysphemism), and die (typically an orthophemism). However, these descriptions are problematic, since what determines them is a set of social attitudes or convention that may vary considerably between dialect groups and even between individual members of the same community.(Keith Allan and Kate Burridge, Forbidden Words. Cambridge University Press, 2006)   Calling a Spade a Spade Now, as you know, he said slowly, looking up at the ceiling, weve had a spot of trouble round here. First, there was the business on the circus field; next, the performance at the Pigeons; third, this spot of bother at Viccarys farm. Why dont you say murder? asked Keith. The inspector stopped looking at the ceiling and looked at my brother instead.I dont say murder because it isnt a nice word, he replied. But, if you prefer it, I can use it.I do prefer it.Like to call a spade a spade?Well, thats preferable to calling it the grave-diggers toothpick, said Keith.(Gladys Mitchell, The Rising of the Moon, Michael Joseph, 1945) The Lighter Side of Orthophemism Let us all point an accusing finger at Mr. Latour. Mr. Latour is an illiterate boor.He watches horse racing, instead of the sport of kings, when at the track,And to him first base is simply first base, instead of the initial sack.He eats alligator pear, instead of avocado;He says fan, or enthusiast, instead of aficionado. . . .He drinks his drinks in a saloon, instead of a tavern or grill,And pronounces know-how skill.He calls poor people poor, instead of underprivileged,Claiming that the English language is becoming overdrivileged.He says the English language ought to get out of the nursery and leave the toys room,So he goes to the bathroom, instead of the little boys room.(Ogden Nash, Long Time No See, Bye Now, 1949)